Human parasites are called all organisms living at its own expense. These are bacteria, fungi, worms. Human parasites are divided into interior and external. The most unpleasant number and causing the largest number of body destruction are helminths - a variety of parasitic worms.
The parasites and the human body
Creatures that parasitize the human body can be external or internal. The outer includes:
But there are many more creatures that prefer to be placed inside the body. These include:
The external and internal organization of the parasite belongs to the simplest. Due to the fact that they do not need to evolve for the sake of survival, their organization is greatly simplified.
There are many creatures that prefer to be placed inside the body. For example, they can be bacteria.
They cannot survive without the host body, unable to get their food. But they all grow, almost without exception, very quickly, especially in conditions suitable for this. Where they were not immediately expelled.
Vary in territories. Some can be found anywhere, no climate for them is an obstacle. Others live exclusively in tropical countries, but in the human body they can easily be brought to others. In the body, they also settle in different places.
Parasitic development cycles, mainly helminths are also varied. Some first develop on the ground (biohelminths), and then pass into a living creature. Others must first develop in the body of another living creature, but not a person. Third, in an adult state, you can transfer to another or new -infect yourself.
It is wrong to assume that the infection can occur exclusively through dirty hands. The eggs of some helminths are applicable outside the nourishing medium for six months and climb to the animal wool perfectly. Eggs survive in a dangerous environment for them - it's worth cooking meat or fish incorrectly, as a whole worm dish can be paid inside you.
It is worth cooking the meat in a wrong way, how a whole worm bay can be paid inside you.
The endoparassis of a person
Parasites are divided into endoparasites and ectoparasites. Endoparasites - those that are placed inside, ecto - outside. Endoparasis are able to settle in almost all internal organs and body tissues. They are divided depending on the localization. Endoparasites are:
They settled in advance in those organs that are related to the external environment, not the other way around: the parasitic body is not chosen to "breathe". Such organs include intestines, light, human urine system. These are amoebas, worms and burning parasites.
Located in human blood. They can live in plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells. These are tripanosomes, microfilary or hemostporidia.
Those endoparasites who choose body tissues with their place of residence. Muscle tissue, brain, cartilage, connective. Even in nerve fibers, tissue endoparassites can be established. These are the fin of the ribbon worm, tripanosomes, myxosporidia, trichina and others.
Endoparasites can choose the brain with their place of residence.
Determining the parasite variety at the site of its localization is highly conditioned. Many species are able to migrate to different internal organs, travel the owner's body regularly. The propagation process can occur in one place, and the organisms will be directly and will be fed to another. The place where the parasite is justified and will be considered the place of its conditional localization.
Despite simplifying many parasite systems, their life cycle is quite complicated.
Some species throughout their lives for survival must change some owners that can be associated with different biological species. Others are able to survive only one biological species inside, but they may require intermediate hosts. In one person, they multiply, and in another develop and grow. With such a complex life cycle, their sexual functions have increased significantly. It is necessary to multiply for survival in the parasites of the body quickly and very much.
Helminths
There are three main types of helminths, also called worms. This:
Next, they can be shared with the life cycle and the number of locations they pass along this road. There are three types:
Geo-shelminths.
"GE" is the land. These worms begin their existence in the ground soil, only after the maturity stage can they infect a person. They do not need intermediate hosts, eggs fall to the ground along with human feces. On the larva scene, they develop exclusively in the warm season.
Such worms include ascarides, intestinal ugritsy, a non -core and blazo -cocoa.
The larvae of these parasites can be inserted into the human body through unwashed vegetables or direct contact with the soil.
Biohelminths.
These are parasitic worms whose stages of which pass through some owners. Intermediate hosts can be two or more depending on the variety of worms. Some parasites exclusively change one person. Others, before being finally introduced into the human body, are used by organisms of other biological creatures for development.
You can infect through pets or in contact with other people, also when consuming semi -dense meat. Biohelminths include bull cork, echinococcus, wide tape, trichina and others.
Helminths contagioine.
These worms do not need any land owner or intermediate. They pass all stages of their life cycle in an organism, very well placed. The larvae are directly distinguished from the human body when contacting household surfaces and other people, spreading freely.
Helminants can live in different organs and systems of the human body, periodically migrating from one part of the body to another.
The list of diseases caused by helminths is very wide. Determine which parasites live in the body and what treatment can only be started after all the necessary analyzes for the creation of the type are passed.
Round worms
The most widespread in the human environment were round worms, also known as nematodes. In total, there are more than 24, 000 species of nematodes in the world.
They are round because of their shape, which is detected if you make a transverse cut. The most common human nematodes:
Helminthic occupation, known as ascariasis, begins with direct contacts with ground -infected larvae or when using unwashed fruits and vegetables. The parasites begin to develop in the intestine, then they enter a person's circulatory system, from which they go to various inner organs, heading towards the oral cavity. A person, not noticing this, repeatedly swallowed an adult parasite. They feed on the waste of unworthy food. Ascaris waste is extremely toxic. There is no vaccine from ascariasis, the infection can be prevented exclusively by observing personal hygiene rules.
Pinworms infection is called enterobiasis. These are small worms (5-10 mm) attached to the intestinal wall. They feed on blood and intestinal content. They lay their eggs under the skin, exiting the anal opening outside while the owner is sleeping. Due to itching, a person combines the anal region, the larvae fall under the skin and hands, can be easily transferred to other people in the home or in public places. Enterobiosis has no painful symptoms, detecting worm infection at the initial stage is extremely problematic.
Trichinella, they are trichina, these are round worms that choose an animal or person with their master.
Trichinella is a parasitic worm that affects the human body, causing a dangerous vermis disease of trichinellosis.
They begin to develop in the muscle area with cross strips in the body, then redirected to the small intestine. In advanced cases of infection per kilo of muscle tissue, about 15, 000 trichinella eggs can be laid. These parasites can cause a deadly disease, called after its source - trichinellosis.
Blazovian round worms are so called because of their appearance. The front of their body is a filament, it contains an esophagus.
The rear is wider, the internal organs of the parasite are located in it. The length of the blazole can reach 50 mm. It feeds on blood as well as tissue juice. Causes trichocephalosis disease.
Ribbon worms
There are about 3. 500 types of famous stripe worms, the type of which is also called Cestode. There is no digestive system in these flat worms, and the diseases they cause are called cestodosis.
The most common cestodossis:
Cystyrkosis.
Pork carcase disease is excited, entering contaminated food, from dirty hands.
The disease affects the skin, bones, internal organs, brain and spinal brain. Most often, parasites are sent to the brain (in 60% of cases of infection). It is diagnosed based on the appearance of rounded formations on the skin. The disease is treated, in case of infection of the central nervous system, forecasts can be unfavorable.
Echinococcosis.
Localized in the liver, lungs, many other internal organs. Echinococcus larvae harass the disease. They can develop within a person for several years.
The infection occurs in contact with animals, collecting berries and fruits, consumption of contaminated water. The disease is not very noticeable, it can develop for years, and is only accidentally detected.
Alveococcosos.
Alveococcosis is caused by alveococcal worms. The disease is similar to echinococcosis, but continues more. It affects the lungs and kidneys. Without the treatment of the disease, there is a great probability of the fatal result regarding the development of liver failure.
Tonarynchosis.
Tusiarinchosis is caused by a bull chain. Parasitizes the cork in the small intestinal area, develops for 2. 5-4 months. Forecasts are most often favorable for treatment. Parasites can be introduced into a person with infected raw meat or insufficient thermally treated.
The ribbon worms are very fertile. They have reduced the rest of the sensitivity and there is no digestive system at all. Such parasites are unable to develop without the owner.
Workers'
Supreme is tremontode. These are flat worms, in the shape of your body that resembles an elongated leaf of a tree.
Some types of trematodes can reach one and a half meters in size.
And they find themselves in the human body, they are most often through fish or other sea foods. About 7200 species of trematodes are known, 40 of them are placed in humans and cause trematodosis, serious disease caused by infection.
The most common salads:
Hepatic bicom.
Globally common, it can exist in animals and humans. The biological cycle of life is complex, the parasite changes the owners.
Schistosoma.
Skistosomes can penetrate the skin or mucous membranes. The life cycle is complex, feeds on blood. A female is able to produce about 3, 000 eggs a day, the fertility of these parasitic worms is very high.
Other liver balm.
Opisthorchiasis, Helminth disease, spreading mainly in the liver area of the cause. The human body has a toxic effect.
The digestive system of wormworms is well developed, and with the one-seven and excretory. The rest of the systems develop poorly. Tremontodes feed on blood, epithelial skin cells, intestinal contents. They can dwell almost anywhere: from liver to conjunctive eyes.
Other types of endoparazites
The remaining internal parasites are a variety of bacteria that cause dangerous diseases, and with them the simplest microorganisms. The fungus that spreads within the human body also refers to the part of the endoparazites.
Many useful and harmful microorganisms live in the human body. Some of them cause very dangerous diseases that can lead to death. It is not always possible to recognize the presence of parasitic creatures within yourself immediately, but the early diagnosis of infection gives more chance to complete the treatment. If the occupation is suspected, it is recommended that a thorough examination be quickly undergoing a physician.